Assignment 1 & 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

1 and 2 - Assignment Example Significant associations have built up open connection office which centers around how to dazzle the general public. As much as methodologies are typically applied to improve the open connection, morals and friends arrangements are the significant impacts. For instance, if a youngster loses their life in a school exacerbate, the open response towards the school would be extremely negative. The general public will see the organization as a foe to the network. With years the advertising are getting hard to improve. The society’s needs towards associations and organizations are expanding. This might be credited to expanded undertakings and the introduction to data. In schools the circumstance is the equivalent. In the cutting edge century school’s advertising ought to likewise be improved (Kowalski, 2010). 1. The usage of PR is looked by a few inadequacies. These deficiencies depend on understanding, tolerating and acting. These boundaries tend not to help in the affecting of the public’s discernment towards the establishment. Obstructions to tolerating are the hindrances that keep general society from tolerating the PR usage arrangements. As per Kowalski (2010) this boundary might be affected by both inward and outside components. On interior factors, the foundation may by having issues in affecting a moral domain. The inward causes are for the most part impacted by the lead of the staff and managers. On the off chance that the foundation has a proper PR execution systems and the lead of the executives is exploitative, people in general may think that its hard to acknowledge the PR usage approaches. Outside components depend on the way that general society is presented to numerous comparative contenders. The organizations motivators might be sufficiently bad to satisfy the need s of the open thus they neglect to acknowledge any PR offering. A boundary to acting is the hindrance that keeps people in general from satisfying their part as

True Grit Vs Old Man And The S :: essays research papers

Near Essay Between The Old Man and the Sea and True Grit The Old Man and the Sea, by Ernest Hemingway, a just composed novel of an elderly person's particular battle, while attempting to get a fish, against powers of the ocean overwhelming him and True Grit, by Charles Portis, a holding western, setting you in the activity during a young lady's mission with two other men to seek retribution for her dad's homicide, are two works joined in a few different ways. Numerous similitudes all through the two works seemed obvious. Plot, topic, and portrayal arrange those similitudes. Â Â Â Â Â First of all, in plot, the works share a similar occasion movement. A promising start, a decided drive, a last confrontation, and an endeavor to proceed with the accomplishment. The expectations were to just achieve regardless of what the situation. The Old Man set out promptly in the first part of the day as demonstrated here, '…he paddled out of the harbor in obscurity.'; In True Grit, Mattie, a young lady keen on avenging her dad's demise, Rooster, a government marshal, and LaBoeuf, a Texas Ranger, set off when, 'It was as yet dull outside and unpleasant cold albeit kindly there was little wind.'; The commitment engaged with the characters' interests turns out to be increasingly apparent later on. 'He is an extraordinary fish,'; the elderly person let himself know, 'and I should persuade him not to become familiar with his strength…'; As it was additionally with the Mattie from True Grit. 'I knew them two (Rooster and LaBoeuf) were hanging tight for me to grumble or state something that would portray me as a 'fledgling.' I was resolved not to give them anything to refuse me about.'; Her plans were not simply shallow however. Her outrage toward '… a weakling passing by the name of Tom Chaney,'; was a key factor in driving her to accomplish her motivation. At long last, subsequent to drudging with the fish, the Old Man, '…took all his torment and what was left of his quality and his a distant memory pride and he put it against the fish's anguish,'; in his last session with the extraordinary fish. A similar kind of occasion happens at a similar point in the story line in True Grit. 'Chicken stated, 'Fill your hand you bastard!' and he steered in his teeth and pulled the other seat gun and drove his spikes into the flanks of his solid pony Bo and charged straightforwardly at the crooks.

Born Under Punches

Born Under Punches DID YOU KNOW? The German language has two different verbs for to eat, depending on whether a person is eating (essen) or an animal is eating (fressen). I have also learned the German word for to strike a deathblow. Look out, world. It was a really, oustandingly lovely day today. Just so you know. But its a busy week in my life, between classes, choir, marching band, career fair, thinking about grad school applications, marathon training, information sessions, UROP, Sonic the Hedgehog 2, housewarming parties, a floor-sponsored trip to some island in the middle of Boston Harbor, and who knows what else. Heck, I didnt even have time to call Sams Mom tonight. Good thing she reads my blog, huh? Today I also completed the long distance runaround from the music offices to the HASS office to my advisor twice this week so I could propose my music minor (6 classes) and provide evidence of the completion of my music concentration (3 classes, and a GIR). Youd assume that at MIT I could register for classes or turn in important forms on a computer or something, but then again you know what happens when you assume, dont you? Well, I guess some of our more ambitious code monkeying students wouldnt come out of their rooms for more than 30 minutes each term if they didnt have to run over to the gym to schedule classes. And then I have homework! And not just psets! I have homework in my HASS classes, dude! I assumed that taking two science classes and three HASS classes that I love would decrease my workload a little bit this term, but you know what happens when you assume, dont you? Anyway, heres what Im punting right now to blog: 21F.403: German III Write a modern-day parody of a fairy tale. Mine is a version of The Three Little Pigs where the wolf is a health code inspector. Well, only the first two paragraphs are due tomorrow. Ill make it work. Trust me. 21M.303: Writing in Tonal Forms I Write the first 8 bars of a minuet for string quartet. Dr. Ruehr helpfully told us that this should basically consist of a memorable moment in the first four bars and a less memorable moment in the second four bars. Well, Ive got the first part written already, and then the second part should kind of follow by definition, right? She also bought us sticky buns and scheduled a minuet dance lesson for us to get us more in that baroque mood. 21M.500: Senior Seminar in Music: Pulitzer Prize-winning composer John Harbison has asked us to perform some of Bachs greatest hits in class, mostly from the Art of Fugue. Since Im a singer and terrible at piano, he let me perform and analyze some of the cantatas instead. So, Ive gotta practice Movt. 5 of Cantata 101 for Wednesday and hope that my voice changes back to a range where I can sing tenor parts again. Weve also got to choose from a list of 12 diverse pieces for our project on improvisation. Im really jockeying for Liszts first Transcendtal Etude, Ives Concord Sonata, or Bachs Chromatic Fantasy and Fugue. If I dont get those, oh Ill just die. I might write an entry on teacher recommendations, just as a way of reminding myself that I need to start getting them too. GET TO WORK SAM HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN WRITING THIS STUPID BLOG ENTRY?! If I inspire just one little girl to dance, it was all worth it.

Deforestation And Its Effects On The Environment - 912 Words

Rainforests today are disappearing at an alarming rate as a result of deforestation for commercial purposes such as logging, agriculture, and livestock and the probable solution are becoming far from realistic as the expansion becomes bigger and bigger. Every year, an estimated 18 million acres are destroyed for various reasons, including paper, timber. An average of two football field sizes of precious rainforest are torn down, killing millions of animals and destroying valuable pharmaceutical plants. A huge amount of these animals and plants have never, and will never be discovered. Experts say, Close to eighty percent of the terrestrial species of animals and plants are to be found in the rainforests As people tear down the rainforests they are affecting the ozone layer, and disrupting the process that lets plants fight the deadly amount of pollution the world produces every day. According to savetheamazon.org, over three thousand plants found can help the fight against cancer. Se venty percent of these plants are found in the rainforest. Periwinkle is a very essential plant that produces the drug Vincristine that is the most powerful cancer-fighting drug that has been discovered as of today. Scientists say, Vincristine is used as a part of MOPP chemotherapy regimen, and has helped increase the rate of remission in acute childhood leukemia from twenty percent to ninety percent.. The periwinkle plant is only found in rainforest regions. Imagine not having access toShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Deforestation On The Environment845 Words   |  4 Pagesdo to protect the environment? Our planet is shifting, we need to help it change for the better. There are many effects that can change our Globe in a shocking manner but, the good news is each individual can contribute to make a better world for our children. People across the world acquired, use, and dispose enormous multiplicity of products which helps to build our lives easier and more comfortable. Howeve r, the outcome of this can make massive damage to our environment. Working together withRead MoreEffects Of Deforestation On The Environment1389 Words   |  6 PagesDeforestation is one of the many problems this world faces today. Many people are unaware of how harmful deforestation can be towards the environment and the animals that inhabit the area. Many people don’t even know what deforestation is and that it’s actually happening. To sum it all up, deforestation is the process of destroying forests by cutting them down or burning the trees down, destroying hundreds of acres in order to make more land available for other uses thinking that the benefits outweighRead MoreThe Effects Of Deforestation On The Environment1379 Words   |  6 Pagesyou no choice but to run through the forest. Being separated from family members, all alone in the african desert with no home left. This issue is happening all over the place for many beloved animals yet not much is being done about it at all. Deforestation is a major issue for animals, forests are a huge source of oxygen for the wildlife surrounding them. â€Å"80% of the animals in the world live in or around forests†(National Geographic, Munita) there has been a huge increase for many species goingRead MoreDeforestation And Its Effects On The Environment1616 Words   |  7 PagesBackground Webster dictionary defines deforestation as the action or process of clearing of forests. It occurs when humans desire to make use of land covered by forest for other purposes. This clearing of tree is concerning due to the fact that trees are being cut down at a rate much greater then they can grow back. This is called overshot, and can have a devastating impact on the environment. There is an estimated loss of 18 million acres of forest each year. That is roughly equivalent to the sizeRead MoreDeforestation And Its Effects On The Environment1120 Words   |  5 PagesTo start off, thirty percent of the world’s land are forests. (Anonymous, para. 1). However, the number of forests are dwindling down due to the deforestation that happens every year. Deforestation is â€Å"the act or result of cutting down or burning all the trees in an area† (Anonymous). Unfortunately, this damages the land. Deforestation has many factors of what causes the loss of trees. There are ag riculture farmers that cut down trees to have more acres to grow more plants or to have more livestockRead MoreThe Effects Of Deforestation On The Environment915 Words   |  4 Pagesongoing environmental issues, which include water shortages, soil erosion and deforestation. The soil erosion has been caused by an excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers. Deforestation has been a detrimental issue because of the large amounts of agricultural and land clearing, and not to mention the over use of wood products for fuel purposes, without replanting new growth. Another leading cause of deforestation is forest fires caused by man, whether it’s intentional or accidental. Water shortagesRead MoreThe Effects Of Deforestation On The Environment953 Words   |  4 PagesAir Pollution Deforestation has been an ongoing activity in both the North and South Island in relatively equal measures. Since New Zealand was inhabited, Maori and European settlers have exploited the forests in New Zealand, reducing them from 82% to 23% of the surface area throughout the country. (Ewersa et al,, 2006). This is a great volume of vegetation which has been removed from the earth’s surface. In return, many harmful impacts are being imposed on the environment. One of these is the increasedRead MoreDeforestation of Our Rainforests931 Words   |  4 PagesThe most destructive and harmful tragedy that our rainforests, specifically the Amazon, suffer from is deforestation. Deforestation is the clearing or destruction of land throughout forests. Unfortunately, human beings are the number one cause of deforestation throughout the world. The reason if this is simply because we use the wood mainly for things like hydroelectric dams that power communities, palm oil for its biofuel res ourcefulness, and the mining for diamond and gold. Another reason wouldRead MoreDeforestation And Environment1402 Words   |  6 Pages Deforestation is an increasing global crisis and is mainly caused by human actions. Forests cover approximately 31% of the area on the planet (Deforestation, n.d.). Deforestation is the destruction of a wide area of forest land into a cleared land that is used for a variety of reasons. The impact on the environment from cutting down, burning and damaging forests is very detrimental and there are severe consequences for the environment and future generations due to deforestation. According to theRead MoreCause And Effect Of Deforestation1259 Words   |  6 Pages2 28 October 2015 Cause and Effect of Deforestation Deforestation is a problem that does not concern many people, but it is an issue that the people of Earth need to deal with. In the past 50 years deforestation has increased a significant amount, but people around the world have been removing the forests since the 1600s. The forests remaining are in danger as the human population goes up, the need for resources will also increase and this will make the deforestation of the last forests come quicker

International Financial Management - 5022 Words

EXAMINATION PAPER OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Section A: Objective type Part One: 1). Foreign exchange market in India is relatively very Answer: b). Small 2). Balance of payment is a systematic record of all ___________ during a given period of time. Answer: c). Economic Transactions 3). Merchandise trade balance, services balance balance on unilateral transfer are the part of _________ account. Answer: a). Current Account 4). Interest rate swaps can be explained as an agreement between ___________ parties Answer: b). Two 5). Capital account convertibility in India evolved in August Answer: c).1994 6). Interest rate parity is an economic concept, expressed as a basic algebraic identity that relates Answer: b).†¦show more content†¦This led to the devaluation of national currencies and a decline in world trade. This breakdown in international monetary cooperation created a need for oversight. The representatives of 45 governments met in the Mount Washington Hotel in the area of Bretton Woods, New Hampshire in the United States, and agreed on a framework for international economic cooperation to establish post-World War II. The participating countries were concerned with the rebuilding of Europe and the global economic system after the war. During 1940, Harry Dexter and John Maynard Keynes put forward proposals for a system that would encourage the unrestricted conversion of one currency into another, establish a clear and un equivocal value for each currency and eliminate restrictions and practices such as competitive devaluations. After much negotiations in the difficult wartime conditions, the international community accepted the system and an organization was formed to it. Members Administration The IMF began operations in Washington DC in May 1943. It then had 39 members. Presently the members of the IMF are 188. Any country may apply to be a part of the IMF. Post-IMF formation, in the early postwar period, rules for IMF membership were left relatively loose. Members needed to make periodic membership payments towards their quota, to refrain from currency restrictions unless granted IMF permission, to abide by the Code of Conduct in the IMFShow MoreRelatedInternational Financial Management5028 Words   |  21 PagesEXAMINATION PAPER OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Section A: Objective type Part One: 1). Foreign exchange market in India is relatively very Answer: b). Small 2). Balance of payment is a systematic record of all ___________ during a given period of time. Answer: c). Economic Transactions 3). Merchandise trade balance, services balance balance on unilateral transfer are the part of _________ account. Answer: a). Current Account 4). Interest rate swaps can be explainedRead MoreInternational Financial Management9731 Words   |  39 Pagesinflow of foreign currency. a. True b. False ANS: T PTS: 1 93. Forward contracts are the best technique for managing exposure arising from project bidding. a. True b. False ANS: F PTS: 1 94. The currency futures markets are regulated by the International Monetary Fund. a. True b. False ANS: F PTS: 1 95. It is possible to have an opportunity loss when using futures to hedge. a. True b. False ANS: T PTS: 1 96. Margin is used in the forward market to mitigate default risk. a. True b. False ANS:Read MoreMicrosofts International Financial Management: An Analysis1234 Words   |  5 Pagesand innovation. This is a sign of how the firm has established a large international presence around the globe. (Microsoft, 2013) (Fact about Microsoft, 2013) To fully understand what is happening requires focusing on the way the investment banking process assisted them, the regulatory bodies affecting their decisions and identifying / evaluating contemporary issues they are dealing with in international financial management. Together, these elements will highlight how the company was able toRead MoreAs Assessment of Financial Management in International Business2698 Words   |  11 Pagesoperating of financial management in different nations impacts investment decisions with multinational enterprise. Paper describes financial options available to the foreign subsidiary of the multiple enterprises and shows how money management in international business can be used to minimize cash balances, and taxation and introduce us to basic methods of money management. This project is focusing on financial management in the international business, discussing three sets financial decisions suchRead MoreWhy Is It Important For Study International Financial Management?1928 Words   |  8 PagesWhy is it important to study international financial management? In our globalized world, it is crucial for the international companies understand the complexity of the international financial management that shape the size and the rank of each multinational company in a very aggressive competitive market. 2. How is international financial management different from domestic financial management? International finance treats the financial movements on the global scale, while the domestic finance focusesRead MoreInternational Financial Management : Maple Leaf Inc.1831 Words   |  8 Pages INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT MAPLE LEAF INC. INSTRUCTOR: PROFESSOR RAYMOND COX GROUP HEDGER INC SUNKANMI ODUFUWA JERALD ZAKALL Maple Leaf Inc. Method 1 - Unhedged Cross Exchange Rate (Risky) (GBP) 30,000,000 = (GBP)30,000,000 x 1.762(USD/GBP) = (USD)52,860,000 (T=0) (GBP) 30,000,000 xRead MoreEssay about International Financial Management: Key Answers606 Words   |  3 Pageslarge agency problems. 2. Comparative Advantage. a. Explain how the theory of comparative advantage relates to the need for international business. ANSWER: The theory of comparative advantage implies that countries should specialize in production, thereby relying on other countries for some products. Consequently, there is a need for international business. b. Explain how the product cycle theory relates to the growth of an MNC. ANSWER: The product cycle theory suggestsRead MoreThe International Financial Reporting Standards1487 Words   |  6 Pages This report aims to provide the executive directors and senior level management, of Fujitsu with a condensed insight into the potential use of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as a substitute method of â€Å"corporate disclosure to its’ current reporting standards (GAAP)†, (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 2014). This report will analyse the primary benefits and limitations of adopting the IFRS as one of many accounting standards, thus ultimately aiming to provideRead MoreU.s. Accounting Practices Can Cause Complications1060 Words   |  5 PagesUnion and around the world claim that had the U.S. followed International Financial Reporting Standards, instead of U.S. GAAP, these debacles might never had happened. For many years, the accounting profession had faced several challenges developing a set of guidelines that would be generally accepted and universally practiced around the globe. In more recent years, more than 100 count ries around the world, have adopted International Financial Reporting Standards in order to settle on a common worldwideRead MoreInternational Accounting Standards Board ( Iasb )1543 Words   |  7 PagesInternational Accounting Standards Board (IASB) The international Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is an independent, private sector that develops and approves the body of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The IASB manages and controls the IFRS foundation. The IASB has a group of 14 members who operates and manages the IFRS through daily meetings, community engagements, and speeches about the IFRS. These members are experts in accounting standards, preparing, auditing, financial

Online Marketing Free Essays

string(117) " much so that whenever we think of marketing we think of advertising although it is just one of the marketing tools\." INTRODUCTION EVOLUTION OF MARKETING Mar-ket-ing Spelled Pronunciation [mahr-ki-ting] – noun 1. The act of buying or selling in a market. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now The total of activities involved in the transfer of goods from the producer or seller to the consumer or buyer. including advertising, shipping, storing, and selling. At the beginning of the century, social life was mostly local. It was followed by a period in which commodities were produced on a mass scale: Consumer Marketing operated on mass marketing principles and business primarily concerned itself with how to build the best sales force. At the end of the century, there is an emerging global culture. The major driver of these changes is technology. Technological change has moved steadily back focusing on the individual. These changes shape the possibility and conduct of business. Marketing is especially tied to communication and transportation revolution. As the tools and reach of marketing increase, the job and responsibilities of marketers have evolved with them. Philip Kotler formalized this evolution with his book â€Å"Marketing Management†. His key stages are production, sales and brand management. Each of these is strongly motivated by technological opportunities, which permit new methods and new opportunities. A fourth stage, a focus on the individual customer, is also important. As the new technology of the Internet develops, it reinforces the new marketing emphasis – which in many ways is a return to business at the turn of the century. In today’s technology driven world, a new fast paced digital economy is emerging. Tomorrow there will be companies that will exist only inside computer networks. Most business transactions will be made electronically, directly from the producer to the consumer, bypassing the supply chain. In the digital marketing environment, the consumer becomes an integral player in the development of the product. In fact, a consumer might build the product himself from a wide array of parts provided by the Company. It is ecommerce that is changing the way products and services are conceived. Manufactured, promoted, priced, distributed and sold. The reason being that it is much cheaper; it allows vast coverage and helps in serving the customer better ———————————————— Online marketing ————————————————- ————————————————- The inte rnet has become an ongoing emerging source that tends to expand more and ————————————————- more. The growth of this particular medium attracts the attention of advertisers as a ————————————————- more productive source to bring in consumers. ————————————————- ————————————————- A clear advantage consumers have with online marketing is the control they have ————————————————- over the product, choosing whether to check it out or not. Online marketing may also ————————————————- offer various forms of animation. In its most common use, the term â€Å"online advertising† ————————————————- comprises all sorts of banner, e-mail, in-game, and keyword advertising, including on ————————————————- latforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace. Web-related advertising has a variety ————— ———————————- of ways to publicize and reach a niche audience to focus its attention to a specific group. ————————————————- Research has proven that online advertising has given results and is a growing business ————————————————- revenue. For the year 2012, Jupiter Research predicted $34. 5 billion in US online ————————————————- advertising spending. ———————————————— ———————————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- ————————————————- Types of Internet marketing ————————————————- Internet marketing is broadly divided into the following types: ————————————————- display advertising: the use of web banners or banner ads placed on a third-party website or blog  to drive traffic to a company’s own website and increase product awareness. ————————————————- Search engine marketing  (SEM): a form of marketing that seeks to promote  websites  by increasing their visibility in search engine result pages  (SERPs) through the use of either paid placement, contextual advertising, and paid inclusion, or through the use of free search engine optimization   techniques also known as organic result. ————————————————- Search engine optimizaton (SEO): the process of improving the visibility of a website or a web page in search engines via the â€Å"natural† or un-paid (â€Å"organic† or â€Å"algorithmic†) search results. ———————————————— Social media marketing: the process of gaining traffic or attention through social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. ———à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Email marketing: directly marketing a commercial message to a group of people using electronic mail. ————————————————- Referral maketing: a method of promoting products or services to new customers through referrals, usually word od mouth . ————————————————- Affiliate marketing: a marketing practice in which a business rewards one or more affiliates for each visitor or customer brought about by the affiliate’s own marketing efforts. ————————————————- Content marketing: the process of creating specialized content such as infographics, blog articles and ebooks to attract more customers. ————————————————- Inbound marketing: involves creating and freely sharing informative content as a means of converting prospects into customers and customers into repeat buyers. ————————————————- Video marketing: This type of marketing specializes in creating videos that engage the viewer into a buying state by presenting information in video form and guiding them to a product or service. Online video is increasingly becoming more popular among internet users and companies are seeing it as a viable method of attracting customers. ADVERTISING Ad-ver-tis-ing Show Spelled Pronunciation [ad-ver-tahy-zing] – noun 1. the act or practice of calling public attention to one’s product, service, need, etc. , esp. by paid announcements in newspapers and magazines, over radio or television, on billboards, etc. to get more customers by advertising. 2. Paid announcements; advertisements. 3. The profession of planning, designing, and writing advertisements. Advertising is a paid form of communication, although some forms of advertising, such as public service announcements, use donated space and time. Second, not only is the message paid for, but the sponsor is identified. Thir d, most advertising tries to persuade or influence the consumer to do something, although in some cases the point of the message is simply to make consumers aware of the product or company. Fourth and fifth, the message is conveyed through many different kinds of mark media reaching a large audience of potential consumers. Finally, because advertising is a form of mass communication, it also non-personal. A definition of advertising, then, includes all six features Advertising is paid non-personal communication from an identified sponsor using mass media lo persuade or influence an audience. Functions of Advertising Advertising is an important promotional tool for any marketing campaign. So much so that whenever we think of marketing we think of advertising although it is just one of the marketing tools. You read "Online Marketing" in category "Papers" Till now only companies with a profit motive went in for advertising. But today government bodies as well as non-governmental organizations ING0s) go fir high profile advertising campaigns. The purpose here is not to increase the sales figure but to increase the awareness of people regarding the relevant topics. Even though each ad or campaign tries to accomplish goals unique to its sponsor, advertising performs three basic functions: 1. Provide product or brand information Although many ads are devoid of information, providing the consumer with relevant information that will aid decision making is stilt the main function of advertising. The information given depends on the needs of the target audience. In the case of purchasing a new suit, needed information might simply include price and outlet location. For technical products, the information is likely to be very detailed. 2. Provide incentives to take decision In most instances, consumers are reluctant to change established behavior. Even if there are somewhat dissatisfied with the current product or service, a habit has been established and learning about a new product is deemed difficult. Advertising provides the consumer with reasons to switch brands by presenting reasons through copy or graphics. Convenience, high quality, lower price, warranties, Or a celebrity endorser are all possibilities. 3. Provide reminders and reinforcement It’s amazing how much advertising is directed at current customers. Consumers’ forget why they bought a particular brand of microwave or automobile. Advertising must remind the customer constantly about the name of the brand, its benefits, its value, and so forth. These same messages help reinforce the customers decision. Most television advertising seems to provide this function Types of Advertising – Advertising is a form of selling. It tries to make consumers buy goods or services. Advertisers must be aware of the factors that influence people’s buying habits and then use advertising strategies based on this knowledge. Advertising can be classified in number of ways. 1. Print Advertising: Newspapers, Magazines, Brochures, Fliers The print media have always been a popular advertising medium. Advertising products via newspapers or magazines is a common practice. In addition to this, the print media also offers options like promotional brochures and fliers for advertising purposes. 2. Outdoor Advertising: Billboards, Kiosks, Tradeshows and Events (OOH) Outdoor advertising is also a very popular form of advertising, which makes use of several tools and techniques to attract the customers outdoors. The most common examples of outdoor advertising are billboards, kiosks, and also several events and tradeshows organized by the company. The billboard advertising is very popular however has to be really terse and catchy in order to grab the attention of the passersby. The kiosks not only provide an easy outlet for the company products but also make for an effective advertising tool to promote the company’s products. Organizing several events or sponsoring those makes for an excellent advertising opportunity. The company can organize trade fairs, or even exhibitions for advertising their products. If not this, the company can organize several events that are closely associated with their field. 3. Broadcast advertising: Television, Radio and the Internet Broadcast advertising is a very popular advertising medium that constitutes of several branches like television, radio or the Internet. Television advertisements have been very popular ever since they have been introduced. The radio might have lost its chaem owing to the age media however the radio remains to be the choice of small-scale advertisers. 4. Covert Advertising: Advertising in Movies Covert advertising is a unique kind of advertising in which a product or a particular brand is incorporated in some entertainment and media channels like movies, television shows or even sports. There is no commercial in the entertainment but the brand or the product is subtly (or sometimes evidently) showcased in the entertainment show 5. Surrogate Advertising: Advertising Indirectly Surrogate advertising is prominently seen in cases where advertising a particular product is banned by law. Advertisement for product. – like cigarettes or alcohol which are injurious to heath are prohibited by law in several countries and hence these companies have to come up with several other products tint might have the same brand name and indirectly remind people of the cigarettes or beer bottles of the same brand. Common examples include Fosters and Kingfisher beer brands, which are often seen to promote their brand with the help of surrogate advertising. 6. Public Service Advertising: Advertising for Social Causes Public service advertising is a technique that makes use of advertising as an effective communication medium to convey socially relevant inessagtx1 about important matters and social welfare causes like AIDS, energy conservation, political integrity, deforestation, illiteracy, poverty and so on. 7. Celebrity Advertising †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ †¢ Although the audience is getting smarter and smarter and the modern day consumer getting immune to the exaggerated claims made in a majority of advertisements, there exist a section of advertisers that still bank been celebrates and their popularity for advertising their products. Using celebrities for advertising involves signing up celebrities for advertising campaigns, which consist of all sorts of advertising including, television ads or even print advertisements. 8. Internet Advertising Internet promotion is one of the newer types of advertising and can be accomplished in a number of ways. Rash advertising refers to messages that jump onto your computer screen and often move around. They can be hard to close and are annoying, but effective at gaining your attention. Pop up and scrolling ads are other examples of these types of advertising. Pay per click advertising refers to marketers paying to have their web pages placed high on search engine results pages. These are also called sponsored links. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To compare the trust level of traditional advertising and online advertising (consumers point of view) * To find out the scope of the Internet advertising * To find the reliability and effectiveness of the internet advertising * To compare internet advertising with traditional advertising. INTERNET MARKETING THE ADVENT OF THE INTERNET The new millennium has brought us on the brink of the I. T. Revolution. This revolution has been aided by the advent of the Internet in a big way. Internet is fast changing the way people used to do things. Naturally, the same would have an impact on the advertisers. The Internet has been accepted as the most powerful media for advertising due to the absence of geographical barriers. The advent of the Internet and its subsequent acceptance has once again challenged the traditional forms of advertising. Advertisers are trying to use the ‘net’ to advertise their products and hence ‘net’ their customers. Thus, with the Internet gaining prominence, advertising equations are fast changing. Internet marketing, also referred to as web marketing, online marketing, or e-Marketing, is the marketing of products or services over the Internet. Internet marketing ties together creative and technical aspects of the Internet, including design, development, advertising, and sale. The Internet has brought many unique benefits to marketing, one of which being lower costs for the distribution of information and media to a global audience. The interactive nature of Internet marketing, both in terms of providing instant response and eliciting responses, is a unique quality of the medium. Internet marketing is sometimes considered to have a broader scope because it not only refers to digital media such as the Internet. E-mail and wireless media, however, Internet marketing also includes Management of digital customer data and electronic customer relationship management (ECRM) systems. 7 P’S OF INTERNET MARKETING The four P’s – Product, Price, Place and Promotion have long been associated with marketing, but things have changed on the Internet. So along with a change in the nature of the four P’s there are three new P’s which are relevant to the Internet marketer: Presentation, Processes and Personalization. . Product Product on the Internet usually changes form online, and the user experiences it electronically. in the form of text, images and multimedia. Physical goods are usually presented in the form of a detailed online catalogue that the customer can browse through. Technology allows the user to virtually touch and feel the prod uct on the Internet – rotate it, zoom in or zoom out and even visualize the product in different configurations and combination. Content and software are two avatars of digitized products that can be even distributed over the Internet. On the Internet, E-marketing will be based more on the product qualities rather than on the price. Every company will be able to bring down the cost of its products and hence competition will not be on price. It will rather be on the uniqueness of the product. To be able to attract the customers and retain them, the company will have to provide nouvelle and distinct products that forces the net users to purchase and come beck for more. 2. Price Price has been drastically changed over the Internet. It lets the buyer decides the price. Also it gives the buyers information about multiple sellers selling the same product. It leads to best possible deal for the buyers in terms of price. Pricing is dynamic over the Internet. 3. Place Place revolves around setting up of a marketing channel to reach the customer. Internet serves as a direct marketing channel that allows the producer to reach the customer directly. The elimination of the intermediate channel allows the producer to pass the reduced distribution cost to the customer in the form of discounts. 4. Promotion Promotion is extremely necessary to entice the customer to its website, as there are currently more than one billion web pages. Promoting a website includes both online and offline strategies. Online strategies include search engine optimization, banner ads, and multiple points of entry, viral marketing, and strategic partnership and affiliate marketing. Presently, the cyberspace is already cluttered with thousands of sites probably selling similar products. For the customers to know of the Company’s existence and to garner information on the kind of products or services that the company is offering, promotion has to be carried out. There can be traded links or banner advertisements for the same. Also the traditional mediums like print, outdoor advertising and television can be used to spread awareness. 5. Presentation The presentation of the online business needs to have an easy to use navigation. The look and the feel of the web site should be based on corporate logos and standards. About 80% of the people read only 20% of the web page. Therefore, the web page should not be cluttered with a lot of information. Also, simple but powerful navigational aids on all web pages like search engines make it easy for customar to find their way around. 6. Processes Customer supports needs to be integrated into the online web site. A sales service that will be able to answer the questions of their customers fast and in a reliable manner is necessary. To further enhance after sales service, customers must be able to find out about their order status after the sale has been made. 7. I? Personalization Using the latest software it is possible to customize the entire web site for every single user, without any additional costs. The mass customization allows the company to create web pages products and services that suit the requirement of the user. A customized web page does not only include the preferred layout of the customer but also a reselection of goods the customer may be interested in. UNDERSTANDING THE INTERNET CUSTOMERS Now to be able to use the seven P’s effectively in order to achieve the predefined goals of any organization it is imperative to understand the customers. Customization will only be truly effective if we understand our customer and their true need. Before adapting marketing practices to the Internet, the marketer needs to understand the characteristics of the online customers. The Net users can be classified into five categories depending upon their intention of using the Internet. The five categories of users are: Directed Information Seekers: They require specific, timely and relevant information about the products and services being offered. Undirected Information Seekers: These users require something interesting and useful. Something that can give them an edge, advantage, insight or even a pleasant surprise. Bargain Hunters: They are of two kinds: One who looks for free items on the Internet another who is seeking better deals higher discounts etc. Entertainment Seekers: They see the Web as an entertainment medium of vast breath and potential and want to explorer the medium before the mass gets there. Directed Buyers: They want to buy something – now. They are sure what they require and just log on to the Web to purchase the item. CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS IN INTERNET MARKETING Having observed the evolving paradigms of business in the Internet era, there are five critical success factors that the Internet Marketer has to keep in mind. Attracting the Right Customer Attracting the Right Customer is the first crucial step. Rising digital penetration would mean that the number of customer visiting particular sites would inevitably go up. While the number of eyeballs or page views has so far been conveniently used as a satisfactory measure by most web sites, it would be foolish to cater to the whole spectrum of digital visitors. Contest has to be very target specific. The digital company has to select its target segment by finding out which section of customer are the most profitable in terms of revenue 21 transactions and who are the customers who generate the maximum number of referrals. Here again it is important to note that the majority of online customers are not seeking the lowest price. Rather they are seeking convenience above everything else. The power of customer referrals has never been so enormous, since word of the mouse spreads faster than word of the mouth. E-Bay attracts more than half of its customers through referrals. Not only do referred customers cost less to acquire than those brought in by advertising or other marketing tools, they also cost less to support since they use their friends who referred them for advice rather than using the companies’ own technical desk. Delivering Content Value Delivering Content Value to engage the user’s interest is the critical importance in retaining customer participation. This is because content serves as a powerful differentiator. Content would include Product enhancements (Software patches for glitches), personalized interactions (through customized navigation paths as seen on the web sites of GM and Toyota) and Problem Resolution (updates of delivery schedules and e-mail responses). Integral to the concept of delivering proper content value is innovation. For e. g. www. campareindia. com Ensuring E-Loyalty Ensuring E-Loyalty is vital to the success of any online venture. This is because acquiring customers on the Internet is enormously expensive and unless those customers stick round and make lots of repeat purchases over the years, profits will remain elusive. Contrary to the general view that Web customers are notoriously fickle, they in fact follow the old rules of customer loyalty. Web customers stick to sites that they trust and with time consolidate their purchases with one primary supplier to the extent that Purchasing from the supplier’s site becomes part of their daily routine. The issue of trust is integral to the issues of privacy and security. Companies like Amazon. com which command amazing levels of consumer trust, have used a variety of encryption tools and simple ethical decisions like not accepting money for publishers for independent book reviews to maintain the trust of its customers. E-Learning to facilitate personalized interactions E-Learning to facilitate personalized interactions with customers has been the biggest contribution of the Web to the marketing strategists. Customers in traditional bricks-and-mortar stores leave no record of their behavior unless they buy something. In the digital marketplace, however technology has made the entire shopping experience a transparent process. For example, if the customer exits the web-site when the price screen appears, he is a price sensitive consumer. Such minute tracking of customer behavior has major implications for the world of advertising. The Internet may soon be used as a test bed for testing prototypes of marketing and advertising campaigns. By monitoring pages selected, click through, responses generated, and other indicators, the company would be able to discover which parts of a prospective campaign would work, thus reducing the risk of a potential flop. This would make it possible for the company to modify its product offerings much earlier than usual in the product life cycle, Providing Digital value to the evolving consumer through his life cycle Providing Digital value to the evolving consumer through his life cycle has become possible because of customized interactions and emerging business models. These models have often disturbed the traditional status quo and created new rules of business. The sectors where new business models will emerge or have emerged are the music industry, the financial services industry, the travel industry, the relating segment and the publishing segment. Digital value is delivered to the consumer by promising him convenience, allowing the customer to feel his ownership of the Web experience, and giving the customer a sense of belonging that traverses the physical boundaries. BENEFITS OF INTERNET MARKETING The reason why Internet marketing has become so popular is because they provide three major malts to potential buyers: 1. Convenience: Customers can order products 24 hours a day wherever they are. They don’t have to sit in traffic, and a parking space, and walk through countless shops to find and examine goods. . Information: Customers can find reams of comparative information about companies, products, competitors, and prices without leaving their office or home. 3. Fewer hassles: Customers don’t have to face salespeople or open themselves up to persuasion and emotional factors; they also don’t have to wait in line. Internet marketing also provides a number of benefits to marketers 1. Quick adjustments to mark et conditions: Companies can quickly add products to their offering and change prices and descriptions. 2. Lower costs: On-line marketers avoid the expense of maintaining a store and the costs of rent, insurance, and utilities. They can produce digital catalogs for much less than the cost of printing and mailing paper catalogs. 1. Relationship building: On-line marketers can dialogue with consumers and learn from them. 2. Audience sizing Marketers can learn how many people visited their on-line site and how many stopped at particular places on the sites. This information can help improve offers and ads. Clearly, marketers are adding on-line channels to find, reach, communicate, and sell. Internet marketing has at least five great advantages. First, both small and large firms can afford it. Second, there is no real limit on advertising space, in contrast to print and broadcast media. Third, information access and retrieval are fast, compared to overnight main and even fax. Fourth, the site can be visited by anyone from any place in the world. Fifth, shopping can be done privately and swiftly ————————————————- Competitive advantage over traditional advertising ————————————————- One major benefit of online advertising is the immediate publishing of information and ————————————————- content that is not limited by geography or time. To that end, the emerging area of ————————————————- interactive advertising   presents fresh challenges for advertisers who have hitherto ————————————————- adopted an interruptive strategy. ————————————————- Another benefit is the efficiency of the advertiser’s investment. Online advertising allows ————————————————- for the customization of advertisements, including content and posted websites. For ————————————————- example,  AdWords,  yahoo! Search marketing and Google  Adsense enable ads to be shown ————————————————- on relevant web pages or alongside search results. MARKET RESEARCH Title A study on the effectiveness of Internet Advertising and its scope. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF STUDY Advertisers are expected to spend Rs. 4,500 million in internet advertising in the year 2011 third only to TV and Print ads, which is :mound 5257% mote than that in the year 2004, compound percentage increase of 124% over the last 5 year s. This is the new age of advertising. It is true that people have started realizing that internet can serve as a one stop point for all their needs. Be it communication, entertainment, shopping, information search, Internet serves as a panacea for all their requirements. This has led 70% of the ever users to glue themselves to the Internet and access it on a regular basis. This is an opportunity for advertisers to exploit this revolution. But, is it the end of traditional advertising? Is internet advertising effective and efficient compared to the traditional form Does it fulfill the basic objectives of advertising (create awareness, to generate sales, build positive image, etc†¦ ) The problem is that, volumes of consumers are online everyday for their personal work, but do they notice the ads, banners etc. displayed on that webpage, most important what is their recall/remembrance value. What about the reach of online advertising, is it effective across over all target groups? We have trusted traditional advertising all these years and it’s a proven medium that fulfills all the objectives of advertising, can one have the same trust for online advertising†¦ RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research design This is a descriptive research as it will clarify the doubts about online marketing. It would give us a clear picture on the effectiveness and reliability of online advertising compared to the traditional form of advertising. Data collection Secondary data: Online reports related to marketing Primary data: Questionnaire RESULTS AND AND ANALYSIS The research Internet marketing has become an integral part of today’s life as Internet access is on all time high and this trend is expected to keep the same pace and will definitely expand the horizon of its reach. Objective of this research is to analyze the trend of internet usage in contrast of online marketing. Time spent On an average, a person spends more than 4 hours on the Internet during his free time. Hence, on an average the exposure of interne; to an individual is around 150% more than that of other mediums i. e. the reach of medium Internet is much better than that of others. But one cannot infer anything about the effectiveness of the medium through exposure (reach) alone. One needs to calculate the impressions (actual number of times an individual sees the ad) of the medium also. Reach Reach refers to the total number of different people or households exposed, at least once, to a medium during a given period of time. Impressions This is a term used by media to describe and quantify the number of individuals who have an â€Å"opportunity† to see an AD in a given amount of time Scope Scope defines the level of Internet usage within a specified time period. This data gives us a strong platform to analyze and summarize the objective, pattern and usage of Internet. Research has been done through questionnaire. The questionnaire and its results is as follows: Questionnaire Name: Occupation: Course(if student): Age: Gender: Given below are some question based on E- marketing. Kindly fill the questionnaire. 1. Do you surf internet? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Occasionally (d) Never 2. Do you ever give a look to the advertisements while surfing? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Occasionally (d) Never 3. Does popping up of advertisements while surfing bother’s you? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Occasionally (d) Never 4. Do you buy products online after seeing its advertisements? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Occasionally (d) Never (5)Do you think e-marketing is: (a) effective (b) very effective (c) less effective (d) not effective (6)Do you feel e-marketing affect your buying decision? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Sometimes (d) Never (7)How much should a company depend on online marketing? (a) 0% to 25% (b) 26% to 50% c) 51% to 75% (d) 76% to 100% (8) Rank the following types of marketing according to their effectiveness: (a) ads in newspaper/magazines (b) search engine marketing (c) business card (d) marketing on social networking sites (e) personal marketing (f) ads in television (g) e-mail marketing (h) banners/posters (i) sending newsletter (9) which type of product do u generally buy online? (a) electronics (b)clothing (c) books/magazines (d) other accessories 10) which typ e of services do u take online? (a) matrimony (b) movie tickets (c) travel tickets (d) hotel services Result 1. Do you surf internet? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Occasionally (d) Never Out of 100% sample population, 62% of the people use internet very often, 22% use internet often, 14% use internet occasionally and 2% never use internet. Thus it is clear that 98% of the total urban population uses internet and 2% of the total population never uses internet. However growth of use of internet shows that 100% population will use internet in the coming years. . Do you ever give a look to the advertisements while surfing? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Occasionally (d) Never Here out of 100% sample population, 12% people watches online advertisements very often, 22% often watches online advertisements, 36% occasionally watches online advertisements and 30% of the population never watches online advertisements. This results shows that 70% of the sample population access advertisements link s. 3. Does popping up of advertisements while surfing bother’s you? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Occasionally (d) Never Out of 100% of sample population, 27% people are bothered very often by advertisements while working on internet, 13% people are less often bothered by advertisements, 48% people are occasionally bothered by advertisements and 12% are never bothered. Botherness of people also depends upon nature of work and advertisements. If the work is important then botherness increases and vice versa. 4. Do you buy products online after seeing its advertisements? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Occasionally (d) Never As we have seen 70% of the total sample population actually watches online advertisements. Now there are 52% people who never buys those products and 48% people who buys those products. Now out of those 48% only 12% of the populations buys products very often, 14% buys product less often and 22% people occasionally buys products after watching its advertisement. (5)Do you think e-marketing is: (a) effective (b) very effective (c) less effective (d) not effective It states that out of 100% sample population , 15% find e-marketing very effective, 40% find e-marketing effective, 30% find e-marketing less effective and 15% find e-marketing not at all effective. 6)Do you feel e-marketing affect your buying decision? (a) Very often (b) Often (c) Sometimes (d) Never Out of 100% sample population, 52% of the population thinks their buying decision very often depends upon advertisement. 22% of the population thinks their buying decision often depends upon advertisements. 14% of the population thinks their buying decisions occasionally changes due to advertisements and 12% of the po pulation’s buying decision doesn’t depend upon advertisements. (7)How much should a company depend on online marketing? (a) 0% to 25% (b) 26% to 50% (c) 51% to 75% (d) 76% to 100% Here, out of 100% sample population 48% of people thinks that a company should depend less than 25% on online marketing, 34% thinks a company should depend less than 50% and more than 25% on online marketing, 15% thinks that a company shouhd depend more than 15% and less than 75% on online marketing, and only 3% thinks that a company should depend more than 75%. (8) Rank the following types of marketing according to their effectiveness: (a) ads in newspaper/magazines. (b) search engine marketing. (c) business card. (d) marketing on social networking sites. (e) personal marketing. (f) ads in television. g) e-mail marketing. (h) banners/posters. (i) sending newsletter According to the research, types of marketing which are given rank according to their effectiveness are as follows: 1) Personal marketing 2) Ads in television 3) Ads in newspaper/magazines 4) Banners/posters 5) Business card 6) Marketing on social networking sites 7) Email marketing 8) Search engine maketing 9) Sending ne wsletter (9) which type of product do u generally buy online? (a) electronics (b)clothing (c) books/magazines (d) other accessories Out of 100% sample population, 40% people buy electronics, 25% people buy lothing, 15% buy books/magazines and 20% people buy other items. (10) which type of services do u take online? (a) matrimony (b) movie tickets (c) travel tickets (d) hotel services Out of 100% sample population 5% of population takes matrimonial services, 45% takes movie tickets, 35% takes travel tickets and 15% takes hotel services. Conclusion On the basis of this research findings and analysis,we can conclude that the use of internet has increased and large urban population is using internet, therefore internet marketing shows upbeat trend for its future growth and large acceptance worldwide. Internet marketing is still at pioneer stage, large population prefer traditional purchasing due to the intangible feature of internet marketing and post purchase experience. The recommendations are needed to be implemented in order to acclaim major purchase and gain trust of the online population. Limitations Internet marketing is no doubt the future of advertising, and it will take over the world of marketing within a few short years. However, this does not mean that there are no limitations to what an internet marketing firm can accomplish. It is important for marketers and users to understand these problems, and to comprehend that they may damage the marketing campaign. One of the main problems which comes with running a marketing campaign over the Internet is that it limits the audience to just those individuals and users who have access to the World Wide Web. Although most people in the target audience would be able to use the Internet, the fact remains that some people are still not comfortable with its usage and this is where an internet marketing firm may face problems. In addition to this, one other major problem which stands in the way of a successful internet marketing campaign is that users are often reluctant to purchase or spend money on products online. They cannot test out the project or use it and make sure it works, and this puts the entire campaign under stress. It means losing customers and users to a problem which cannot be helped. References DigiMarketing – The essential guide to new media and digital marketing -kent wartime, Ian fenwick Principals of advertising and IMC * Tom dunkan http://en. wikipedia. org/ http://ieeexplore. ieee. org/ How to cite Online Marketing, Papers

Library Research Business Community

Question: Describe about the Library Research for Business Community. Answer: Main Thesis of Sherazi Aisha Sherazi is of the opinion that the Muslim women wear the Niqab or the face veil in order to be a part of the community they belong to; because they are proud of their community and some even emulate them with the wives of the Prophet, therefore, they encourage wearing the Niqab to empower them. According to Sherazi why Women choose to wear Niqab Sherazi believe that there are certain attires that people do not like to wear but they have to wear those because most of the time majority of the people accepts it. For example, the necktie those students have to wear with their school uniform. In case of the Niqab or the face veil that is worn by most of the Muslim women such is not the case. Sherazi argues that most of the European countries do not support Muslim women wearing a Niqab because they think that in this way the women are segregating them from the society. The author negates this European view, she is of the opinion that actually the Europeans are alienated the Muslim women and they are not segregating themselves. She states that in respect to the European countries, Canada is a far more tolerant country that could easily accept multiculturalism and would allow women to wear anything that they wish to wear. Thesis of Fatah Tarek Fatah describe the Niqab as the Muslim male power domination over the female and also as the product of Saudi Arabia, so that they could distort the Islamic view and fulfill their Wahabbi purpose or the agenda. Reason behind Fatah Opposing Wearing Niqab Tarek Fatah, in his essay states that, although he belongs from the Muslim community he condemns the fact that the women of his community wear the Niqab. The author here gives the reference to a Muslim woman, who refused to take of her veil because she thought she would lose her honor. According to the author, women of the Islam religion should not consider wearing veil as the part of the religion, and to support his view the author gives the reference of the Mecca and Kaaba. The two holiest places for the people belonging to the Islam community, which is also 1400 years old, prevents women from covering their face. According to Fatah, the Wahabbi tribes are responsible for this and he appeals the other Muslim women to consider this fact. According to him, Saudi Arabia is trying to epitomize women as the sexual objects and thus they are imbibing these kinds of thoughts within them. According to him, Canada should tolerate the oppression on the women in the name of multiculturalism an d if the country continues with it then soon the judicial system of this country will follow the Shariah Law. Argument based on both the texts The two texts that are based on the Muslim women wearing the Niqab interestingly do not provide with the voice of the Muslim woman. It is true that Tarek Fatah refers to a Muslim woman who speaks in favor of her veil, although Fatah interprets that the women is actually constructed by her society, or more importantly by the Wahabbi community or the tribe. It is true that there are no evidence of what actually a Muslim woman wants, whether she wears the Niqab because she takes pride of her community or whether she is seen a sexual object by her community. Therefore, the exposure of her skin would be a sin, so they would have to wear a Niqab (Fatah 1). The religion concern of wearing a Niqab is there but then it is more about the choice that the women of the Muslim community. If the women feel that by wearing the Niqab they could be a part of their community, they could feel the pride of their community then people should allow them to wear the Niqab (Sherazi 1). It is a matter of choice, if wearing a Niqab is seen as an action of imposing something on the Muslim women, and then asking them to not to wear a Niqab, is another form of imposition only. Therefore, one could argue that Aisha Sherazi has rightly stated that the Muslim women should wear what she desires to wear. She is right in stating that one should not segregate Muslim women wearing a Niqab because then it will not lead to acceptance of multiculturalism rather it will lead to intolerance. References Fatah, Tarek. "Lifting The Veil On The Niqab; There Is No Requirement In Islam To Cover One's Face -- The Niqab Is The Epitome Of Male Control Over Muslim Women". N.p., 2009. Print. Sherazi, Aisha. "Muslim Women Empowered By Niqab". N.p., 2006. Print.

Tjx Companies free essay sample

The data theft that TJX Companies experienced was caused by using the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) encryption system. The WEP had become easy for hackers to navigate and had become quite out of date. TJX also failed to properly encrypt data on many of the employee computers that were using the wireless network, and did not have an effective firewall. The company had also purchased additional security programs that were not installed correctly. An alternative to the out of date WEP could have easily been used. The Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) standard in conjunction with a sophisticated encryption system could have been used to replace the WEP. Firewalls could have reduced or eliminated the ability of the hackers to gain access to sensitive information. Lastly the company should have ensured that all computers containing customer information were secure when connecting to a wireless network. The cost associated with data breaches can be enormous and infinite. We will write a custom essay sample on Tjx Companies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A data breach can have severe repercussions including reputational costs to organization and brand. A data breach can also cause the loss of confidence and apprehension in consumer. This in turn will cause less people to shop with TJX companies which can create a loss in revenue. The consumer can also have charges and unauthorized use of their credit information. Banks and issuers of credit and debit cards were forced to replace the stolen cards and refund any money that was stolen due to fraudulent credit or debit charges. I believe that TJX should have taken full responsibility for that data theft. I think that the biggest moral obligation that was not met is the obligation to securely store customer data. This moral fault has been estimated to cost upwards of one billion dollars. I also believe that TJX should have been held accountable for all damages since it was their lack of security that allowed the hackers to steal the data in the first place.

Understanding the Threats to Animals and Wildlife

Understanding the Threats to Animals and Wildlife Living things face a constant barrage of external stresses or threats that challenge their ability to survive and reproduce. If a species is unable to successfully cope with these threats through adaptation, they may face extinction. A constantly changing physical environment requires organisms to adapt to new temperatures, climates, and atmospheric conditions. Living things must also deal with unexpected events such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, meteor strikes, fires, and hurricanes. As new lifeforms arise and interact, species are further challenged to adapt to one another to deal with competition, predation, parasitism, disease, and other complex biotic processes. In recent evolutionary history, threats facing many animals and other organisms have been driven primarily by the effects of a single species: humans. The extent to which humans have altered this planet has affected countless species and has initiated extinctions on such a vast scale that many scientists believe we are now experiencing a mass extinction (the sixth mass extinction in the history of life on earth). Preventable Threats Since man is indeed part of nature, man-made threats are merely a subset of natural threats. But unlike other natural threats, man-made threats are threats that we can prevent by changing our behavior. As humans, we have a unique ability to understand the consequences of our actions, both present, and past. We are capable of learning more about the effects our actions have on the world around us and how changes in those actions could help to alter future events. By examining how human activities have adversely impacted life on earth, we can take steps to reverse past damages and prevent future damage. The Types of Man-Made Threats Man-made threats can be classified into the following general categories: Habitat Destruction Fragmentation - The destruction or splitting up of once continuous habitat to enable humans to use the land for agriculture, development of towns and cities, construction of dams, or other purposes.Climate Change - Human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, have altered the Earths atmosphere and have resulted in global climate changes.Introduction of Exotic Species - Accidental and intentional introduction of non-native species into regions never before occupied by the species have resulted in the extinction of numerous endemic species.Pollution - Pollutants (pesticides, herbicides, etc.) released into the environment are ingested by a wide variety of organisms.Over-Exploitation of Resources - Exploitation of wild populations for food has resulted in population crashes (over-fishing, for example).Hunting, Poaching, Illegal Trade of Endangered Species - Some endangered species are targeted for their value on illegal markets.Accidental Deaths - Car hits, window collisions (birds), collisions with ships (whales).

Nitrogen Oxide as an Environmental Pollution Essay

Nitrogen Oxide as an Environmental Pollution - Essay Example with the first section covers the common nitrogen oxides, followed by the sources and potential sinks in the environment, then the chemical behaviour of these oxides, the impacts on human and ecosystem, and finally the prevention and control of these pollutants. Nitrogen oxides mainly consist of nitrogen and oxygen, and the most common nitrogen oxides are nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (Farmer 2013, p.26; Harrison 2001, p.179). Notably, nitrous oxide and nitrogen dioxide are emitted when nitrogen reacts with oxygen in the air during combustion at high temperatures and this shows that the amount of nitrogen oxides produced depends on temperature of combustion. Another nitrogen oxide is nitrous oxide (N2O) which is a greenhouse gas that has a greater impact on climate change. Nitric oxide is a colourless gas with a sharp and sweet smell, but nitrogen dioxide is a colourless gas with a strong, harsh odour. Of the nitrogen oxides emitted, nitric oxides forms the larger part, followed by nitrous oxide then nitrogen dioxide which is produced in low amounts, and also it is important to note that both nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxides does not have prolonged lifespan in the atmosphere as compared to nitrous oxide. Nitrogen oxides are produced naturally but they are as well produced by various human activities including agricultural activities, transportation and industrial processes and many others. In nature, nitrogen oxides are produced because of bacterial processes, biological growth and decay, forest fires (Lippmann 2009, p.823), volcano, and lightening among others (Hill 2010, p.128). Thunderstorms lead to the production of nitric oxide as a result of high heat of lightening released in the process of breaking down nitrogen molecules. On the other hand, burning of fossil fuels is considered the primary source of nitrogen oxides as part of human activities. Transportation fuels when burned produce nitrous oxide and mostly, motor vehicles and trucks

Job Advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Job Advertisement - Essay Example Furthermore, this job entails not only skills in accommodating guests and making reservations but also certain personal qualities that would be endearing to the guests. The importance of having good skills in cross-cultural communication is a great advantage. Usually, hotel guests are foreigners having a vacation or attending a seminar. According to Blanford ( 2009): â€Å" International businesses are increasingly aware of this fact and assist their employees with learning, adopting, and adapting to cultural norms when doing business in other countries†. ( suite101.com) This opportunity is for those who love to deal with people and make necessary arrangements that would afford the best possible service to a Hotel guest. The person who would fit this job must preferably be : Aside from the aforementioned characteristics, the applicant must be a graduate of a four-year course related to the Hotel industry or its operations. Moreover, the candidate must be outgoing and willing to handle customer complaints tactfully. Applicants with work experience related to this position is an advantage. He/she must be willing to work on a shifting basis. Compensation package would be discussed with the successful applicant. However, since our company is a leader in the industry, we offer higher than industry standard pay as well as fringe benefits. We are an Equal Opportunity Employer. Application for the position will close on Jan.30,2010. Blanford, K. (2009) Suite101: Cross Cultural Communication: Understanding Human Communication in the Context of Culture. Retrieved from http://international-cultural-affairs.suite101.com/article.cfm/cross_cultural_ communication on Jan 12

The Weak Animal Rights Position

The Weak Animal Rights Position Mary Anne Warren proposes an animal rights argument known as the weak animal rights position. First, I will be describing Warrens description of the positions and the arguments in support of it. Next, I will propose the objection to Warrens position that using sentience as the distinguishing characteristic promotes detrimental environmental policy. Then, I will argue that sentient animals act as an umbrella species that protect the environment. Finally, I will describe why my objection to Warrens argument is the stronger argument. In this paper, I will argue that Warrens weak animal rights position is incorrect and that bad environmental policy can result from her argument. In the paper Difficulties with the Strong Animal Rights Position, Mary Anne Warren argues for an animal rights position called the weak animal rights position. This animal rights position states that all sentient animals have rights; however, the rights of those nonhuman animals are not as strong as those of humans. First, I will describe what Warren means by sentient. Sentient animals means all animals who are capable of have experiences, including experiences of pleasure or satisfaction and pain, suffering, or frustration (Warren, p. 164). This can be simplified to all animals that feel pain. Warrens animal rights position includes a wide range of animals. The position also gives people a method to deal with differences between nonhuman animals rights strength. For example, should mice be given the same rights as an elephant? The weak animal rights position says that the rights of animals from different species can have levels of strength. To justify this claim Warren states that t he strength of animals right is based off of the animals mental sophistication. The more mentally sophisticated an animal is the greater their ability to suffer is, thus the stronger its rights are. It would still be wrong to kill mice without a justifiable reason, but it would not be a wrong as killing an elephant without a justifiable reason (Warren, p166). I will now explain what Warren means by nonhuman animal rights not being a strong as human rights. The weak animal rights position says that the rights given to sentient nonhuman animals can be violated at times when it would not be acceptable to violate human rights. Warren argues that the morally relevant feature that separates humans from nonhuman is that humans are capable of listening to reason. Through reasoned arguments humans chose between actions (Warren, p. 169). Therefore, the rights of animals can be overridden in situations where human rights could not be. The example that is used by Warren is killing rodent to protect our food or to prevent the spread of disease. If humans were spreading disease or stealing from our food supply society would not find it morally acceptable to kill the humans like they would with mice. The weak animal rights position says that killing the mice, in the most humane way possible, is a morally acceptable action if they are causing harm to hum ans (Warren, p. 167). Another example used by Warren is culling deer in over populated areas where there are no longer natural predators due to human interference. Through Warrens animal rights position it is morally acceptable to kill individuals in a way that causes the least amount of suffering if the environment needs protecting so that the animals can live a natural lives. With Warrens example reintroduction of natural predators is necessary, but hunting can be substituted in the beginning to decrease the population size. The weak animal rights position says that we have an obligation not only to the animals lives, but also to protect the environment so that the animals can live a natural life. Therefore, if predators are a natural part of an animals life, the individual rights of that animal can be overridden and predation can be reintroduced in areas where it has been removed from (Warren, p. 168). These strategies would not be acceptable with humans, but because nonhuman animals cannot reason, the ir rights can be overridden in each situation. My objection to Warrants argument is that by only give rights to sentient animals it does not produce good environmental policies. My objection to Warrens argument is that only including sentient animals, as having rights, does not guarantee good environmental policies. I argue that by only finding it morally wrong to harm animals that feel pain other important organism such as plants are downgraded and dismissed. By only giving rights to sentient animals a wide range of animals are left without rights. Imagine that there is an ecosystem where there are only non-sentient organisms like spiders, plants, and microorganisms. According to the weak animal rights position it would morally acceptable to build a hospital here that would completely abolish the entire ecosystem. There are no sentient animals in the ecosystem, so there would not be any suffering. However, eliminating an entire ecosystem is not a good environmental policy. Other organisms that do not feel pain according to Warrens view of sentient do not need to be taken into account. Non-sentient animals or organism still can have important value to the wo rld as a whole. The weak animal rights position does not guarantee good environmental policy. Another example would be if there was some toxin in an environment that only affected non-sentient organisms and animals but caused sentient animals in the area to stop reproducing. The sentient animals do not suffer because of the toxin but the species will eventually go extinct from not reproducing (Katie McShane, 11-15-10). The weak animal rights position does not find this morally unacceptable. Because the sentient animals are not suffering from the toxin their rights are not being violated. However, this is a terrible environmental policy. In my objection to Warrens argument I argue that the weak animal rights position does not guarantee good environment policy. However, by giving sentient animals rights and thus protection they are an umbrella species and the entire ecosystem is protected. The degradation of an ecosystem that contains sentient animals affects the lives, health, pleasure, and pain. If the effects are negative to sentient animals then it is likely that whatever the cause of the environmental degradation would be ratified. For example, if sentient animals will suffer greatly because of a building be built then it would not be morally justifiable to eliminate or degrade an entire ecosystem. The sentient animals act as a protector of the environment in which they are located. The likeliness that there is an environment that does not have sentient animals is unlikely, so ecosystems would be protected because of the sentient animals involved. The conclusion drawn from this paper is that Warrens argument is that using sentient as a distinguishing characteristic to determine what animals have rights creates bad environmental policy. Ecosystems should have value even if they do not include sentient animals as defined by Warren. Ecosystems as a whole should not be discarded. Although there are very few ecosystems that do not include sentient animals, a situation could arise where sentient animals rights are not a factor in an environmental situation. By only allowing sentient animals to have rights ecosystems can be harmed when sentient animals are not involved. As seen with the examples in my objection, entire ecosystems could be destroyed and it would be morally acceptable. Non-sentient organism can have value even though they do not feel pain. Animal rights arguments should not yield poor environmental policies. Animals and ecosystems need to be supported through animal rights, which are not accomplished by Warrens weak an imal rights position. Warren argues for an animal rights position that only sentient animals have rights and that nonhuman animal rights are not as strong a human rights. My objection to Warrens argument shows that only including sentient animals as having rights results in bad environmental policy. My reply to my objection claimed that sentient animals act an umbrella species that protects the environment. The strongest argument was found in my objection. Warrens sentient characteristic does not guarantee good environmental policy decisions.

Drama and Theatre studies – practical- coursework

In my AS theatre studies course we have studied, Antigone a Greek tragedy by Sophocles and, Yerma by Federico Garcia Lorca which is a Spanish play based in the countryside of Andalusia. Both plays have their main characters female and both surround around the â€Å"injustice† they have been through the main reason being men and the patriarchy society they're in. So from both the plays we've studied we get a feeling of a â€Å"battle between the sexes† they both create the idea of women â€Å"fighting back†. This was our group's first inspiration for our devised piece we decided to base our play around the treatment of women and the unity of women coming together to fight against men, because of the unfairness towards women. This idea of all women against their men gave me the idea of a scene from the production of Chicago the musical, where all these women are together in jail for having killed their husbands/boyfriends in a variety of ways and they all sing of how â€Å"He had it coming†, making it the men's fault. I thought this idea of fighting back but then justifying it because these men are â€Å"cruel† and so deserve punishment, this could also be used in our play. This scene is a musical scene they are all singing and dancing, it's also quite creative in that it starts off with simple sounds that each woman makes to represent her â€Å"story† for example one woman keeps repeating the word â€Å"pop† you later find out when she explains her story (in song) that her man kept making that pop sound with his gum and that's what irritated her into shooting him dead! When each woman says their word (or sound) it goes around again from the beginning and they kept repeating it over and over and faster each time that it started to make a beat and that's when the song started. This influenced us into doing many things for our play such as having an unrealistic scene where we could have music and dancing and also if we had the female characters that have had the injustice done to them if they each had one word to describe them and then like in Chicago have them repeat it in a climax of a scene. In Chicago they all come together and dance in unison etc†¦ o we began to think of having those individual stories of each woman but then in the big climax having them come together to get revenge in â€Å"unison†. Therefore the basic plot that we gathered for our devised piece is that there are a number a woman who have been treated unfairly or unequally by men they are in a relationship and so they all get their ‘vengeance' by coming togethe r and punishing them all in an extremely unrealistic way. The group came up with ideas of using something like â€Å"voodoo† or magic to be their fight back. Because when we thought of â€Å"powerful† â€Å"evil† women it made us think of â€Å"witches† and that casting a spell could be their way of getting men back! Research Chicago- Item 1 (enclosed) In this scene of Chicago these women are in jail they all sing about how they killed their husbands and blame them for their death. The imagery of all these women uniting as one and dancing in unison, that'd be useful for our play, instead of keeping the women as individuals even though they all have different stories and are different people, make them come together, become one and fight back. Also it shows the feisty sexy side to women shows them to be strong not just sweet and caring as they are stereotyped to be, so we need to portray this. It's almost like saying every woman has a tigress in them and you push her then it will be unleashed and she will fight back! Arab men and domestic violence- Item 2 (enclosed) From this article you can see the main reason these Arab men were abusive to their wives was because of their patriarchal society. This I feel is down to insecurities of when they are not feeling like they are in â€Å"power†. But these statistics show that they are â€Å"against† it, it's almost like they don't realise what they're doing, and some blame their wives for them doing it. This helps me to understand my character because I know that he uses certain mechanisms to save himself from blame and feeling guilty. I'll use this in my acting, id be trying to make excuses and to justify my reasons for beating my wife. True story domestic violence Tanya Grey- Item 3 (enclosed) This could be put into both my character and Priya's, because we can use examples of things that had happened in this story of abuse and put it into our story. For example one scene in our play when the husband comes home and the wife is terrified just hearing his footsteps; this was real and had happened to this woman in the article. From this we made our stylised version of it, the footsteps and other actions are exemplified by a thudding sound that will be made by one of the actors off stage, and as he gets closer a heart beat rhythm starts showing how scared she is. And also in one scene the husband suspects his wife is waiting for another man (cheating) because she's got candles and is relaxing, this again comes from the real life story of this couple where she was relaxing and having a bath and he accuses her of waiting for a man. The reasons for them doing things can also be put into how we see our characters and then this will help us to understand them and so be able to â€Å"be† them (Stanislavsky's magic IF), for example his reasoning is jealousy wanting to have power and she stays with him at first because she finds this strength and power attractive, before she realises that he's actually dangerous! Stanislavsky's Emotion Memory- Item 4 (enclosed) When trying to be and feel like our characters we have to literally feel what they are feeling to be able to act to the best potential, this theory of Stanislavsky's allows an actor to do this by bringing similar personal feelings of the actors into their acting. So for example when Priya is acting extremely scared she had to remember a memory of when she felt really scared and then put all those gestures facial expressions etc into the acting. This of course is quite difficult because you're not in that situation; you need a lot of focus and determination to carry it off well. This could help me also in scenes where I have to be aggressive and angry if I jus think of the last time I was very angry and imagine being my character and what I'd do in that situation. Feminism/Ann Oakley- Item 5 (enclosed) Our play in a way represents feminism, women fighting against men! Ann Oakley is one of the main feminist writers, these quotes show her views on why men are the way they are (patriarchal society). Again I can use this to understand the thought paths of my male character; she believes they are violent because they see at as â€Å"masculine† because that's how men are presented in their society. So my character may feel like it's his â€Å"duty† because he is male to put everything in â€Å"order† (by forceful means). Again these are his reasoning for doing the abuse. I could mention these kinds of reasons in my monologue. Theory of why men abuse- Item 6 (enclosed) Again this gives the familiar reason that men abuse because they want power, but it also explains why women tend to stay with their abusive partners, which is because some women may be very dependant on their husbands, financially and if they have children she feels she can't be able to give them what they need. Also another reason not mentioned is that women that are in love with their partners just don't want to leave them because they love them and expect them to change one day. Priya's character will also need excuses for why she is with him and they'd be dependency and love. She can portray it in her acting by trying please him, not getting him angry, always doing as he says etc†¦ Health and safety 1. Stacked chairs There are many chairs that are stacked in corners it could be dangerous if they were to fall on to someone it could injure them so we made sure to keep them away from us whilst acting. There are also some chairs with attached desks which are quite heavy and some aren't extremely stable. So again we need to make sure they aren't in our way when acting. 2. Board on wheels This board can be pushed on to someone's foot or may fall on someone so is also dangerous to us so we keep it away from us. 3. Floor slippery If we have slippery shoes the floor is also quite smooth so it may be easy for us to slip and hurt ourselves. 4. Lights If the lights are a bit wobbly they might possibly fall on someone, so we made sure they were fixed on securely. They made sure they had safety chains so that even if they fall they don't fall to the ground and so don't hurt someone or get damaged 5. Trailing wires: there are wires on the floor that can easily be tripped over, we made sure they were pinned to the sides of the wall and don't come anyway near our acting space (stage). Shoes: They can be a problem if they are high heels or platforms if some were to accidentally trod on some one it could hurt them quite badly. Rope scene: This is when the women are strangling the men with ropes, we had to use a technique that our drama teacher taught us of the person who was being strangled would actually be the one in control of what happens not the other person, so the other person is holding onto the victim whilst they are moving around and acting as if they're being strangled. Abuse scene: There is a part where I am supposed to have slapped Priya but instead we make a noise and my hand doesn't touch her face she just moves like I had hit her. Helia's necklace: There is a scene where Helia's character pulls off her necklace and drops it on the floor, this could be risky if the beads were to fall off and they scattered because someone could slip on them. So she will pull them and drop them gently but looking like she's doing it with more force. Development of the play and my role When we had decided on the ideas of what we want in our play, using different ideas from some of the plays we've studied, as a group we all sat and discussed the next step which was the actual story-line of our play. This came quite easy for us as our main inspiration was about the oppression of women and how they are â€Å"mistreated† by men in a patriarchal society (mainly based on Yerma and Antigone). And we knew our climax has got to be about the anger and revenge of women, when we were talking about this I mentioned the jail scene in Chicago the musical where all the women were bitter and vengeful of their men, they had all murdered their husbands and were proud of it, they justify why they did it, from this we thought of the play being about proving the point or justifying how women are treated badly by men. So this brought us to the idea of having one man that had used a number of women and so is cheating and lying and not valuing their relationships but then these women figure it out and join together to get their own back. Finally after deciding on this idea we started trying out a scene we realised many lessons were being wasted by us just talking and thinking about what to do rather than trying out things to see if it works or not. The group were too focused on figuring out what or how these women will get their â€Å"own back†, we came to the conclusion that the only way to do this was to have it as an unrealistic scene. I started to think of how we could do this and I remembered a scene from my favourite TV show Friends where the three main female characters wanted to get rid of everything of their ex's and phoebe the gypsy type character told them to throw everything that's theirs or they gave them into a fire and that's a remedy of letting go of their man. I liked the symbolism in the idea of the fire and their personal items representing them, when I told this to the group we then came out with the idea of making the â€Å"come back† a fire â€Å"voodoo† scene! This way we could represent the women's anger and frustration in a strange way as if it's driven them insane and they just need to let it all out and this is their way. And the good thing about theatre is we can show this in a stylised performance and make it completely out of the ordinary. The â€Å"revenge voodoo† scene was the first scene we tried out, Dee volunteered to be the guy, the rest of us were then to be the angry women, Dee was defiantly on the ball that lesson I think she worked better when actually physically doing work she came up with the idea of having the guy wrapped in rope and each women had a piece of it in their hand and they were all tugging at him so that he was moving in different directions, and she also thought of a rock song that was appropriate for this scene. But then when trying to move on from there we realised it was far too complicated to do the individual stories of each women with that one guy because there were simply too many women, that's when we thought of having three couples and this left out an actor (Beatrix) we thought of just having her as a mystical character, a devil like creature that likes to stir things and will be in the background of most scenes but invisible to everyone and the final voodoo scene will have been planned by her, she had brought the women together and put it into their heads to do the voodoo ritual. We started talking a lot about the voodoo scene we wanted dancing and light effects etc†¦ But we were wasting a lot of time just discussing minor details that can be dealt with later on so we all decided to just spilt into our couples and work separately on our individual stories and scenes, which would come before the voodoo scene, then near the end of the lesson we'd come together and tell each other what we'd done. In my couple I am the man and Priya my wife, we discussed reasons for how and why this relationship broke down it had to be of course the husband's fault and so a reason to why she's against men and wants revenge, when thinking of a patriarchy society and the problems with this I immediately thought of how man like to claim â€Å"ownership† over women and I remembered this film I had watched called â€Å"Enough† and it was about this man who was so obsessed with being in control he beat his wife just to make him feel like he had power over her. I told Priya about my idea of using domestic violence as the story of what happened between our couple, at first she wasn't so sure, she said it'd be difficult to portray someone beating someone and it may turn out to be too much like a â€Å"soap opera†. But I tried to convince her we could make it work so she agreed to give it a go. When discussing with the other groups we then had our three reasons why these women are angry with their men, ours was he abused his wife, Dee and Ema had decided Ema was to be a young 14 year old girl that was raped by Dee a 22 year old man, Helia and Elizabeth got their idea from Yerma, Elizabeth was the husband in this relationship and Helia the wife, she was desperate, almost obsessed with wanting a child but Elizabeth's character isn't interested. In the prison scene of Chicago (mentioned in â€Å"inspirations† and â€Å"research†) they all chant one word which describes their story of what happened between them and their men (why they killed them). This made us think of giving a word to each woman and then in some of their scenes everyone else could whisper that word at certain times. Priya is â€Å"Abuse†, Helia is â€Å"Obsession† and Ema is â€Å"Innocence† these words all have an â€Å"S† sound quality which I think gives it more of an impact and gives it a mysterious atmosphere. Being a Muslim I wear a headscarf and I thought I could use this with the character, because I am a man I could put the scarf in a way that it represents a turban and so obviously this helped me to shape the character, because wearing a turban he could be an Asian, Persian or Arab, but being part Arab myself I thought I'd probably find it easier to be something that I knew about. Being an Arab man then made me consider putting on an accent, to make it a little more interesting and then I thought of a background story between me and Priya just by knowing my character a little more. I thought that since I was being an Arab and Priya being English this would of course be a big culture clash, and being part English and part Egyptian myself I also knew about having a culture clash, and then this could be the reasons for him being insecure about their relationship and then leading to trying to control her by physical means. In the English culture it's much more normal for women to socialise freely with men but Arabs do believe in socialising with both sexes but aren't as lenient, They feel women should be protected and are seen as precious and need not always be on show for men to look at, so in the culture it's normal to have segregated gatherings. But if Priya's character isn't of course accustomed to this she will find it normal to talk to guys in the same way she talks to girls but to him in his culture when a girl is very chatty to a boy their immediate thought is she fancies him and if he is an insecure controlling type of character this will irritate him and make him feel even more insecure and then he will feel he has to stop her. This is what I will use as my purpose for beating her. Acting as my character is quite difficult for me because I'm extremely feminine in the way I walk, talk, my gestures etc†¦ nd being a man everything needs to be changed, I tried watching men in the street just to see how they hold themselves and move when they walk. But because I'm quite slim and small it's hard to move like someone that has broader shoulders and a larger physique. I also find it difficult to put myself in a man's shoes but using the techniques of Stanislavsky I try to understand my character in order for me to be him, everything he does should be for a reason (action for a purpose). For example my gestures aren't to be as extended and flowing as I would usually do them being female they should be more strong and firm but then by him being Arab also gives him certain hand gestures more than a usual European man would do. Even though I imagine him to be insecure inside, he is the type of character that would never tell anyone that he is insecure or upset, instead he would put on a stern face and hold it all in and also instead of ever blaming himself or seeing his mistakes he only acknowledges other people's, so everything is someone else's fault not his! Only by understanding how my character is and how his mind works did I find it easier to act as him. When acting out all our scenes that the couples had done separately, we realised that our scenes were far too realistic and life like which isn't what we all initially intended so we came together and discussed what sort of scenes we want and that they should be done in a similar format etc†¦ We then came up with the idea of having three scenes in every couples section, scenes that are all of different type one realistic, one non- naturalistic and one documentary. It would just give the play more of a spice because there is quite a constant tone through out, which can be quite dull, so by seeing things from different perspectives we thought would make it more interesting. The realistic would obviously be what happened in their every life then the non naturalistic is their thoughts, their dreams, what happened but done in exaggerated dream-like way etc†¦ The documentary scene we originally thought of getting a voice of a man played by tape or CD reading out a news report but then we realised Beatrix needed more lines and so gave her the role of reading the reports, she would read statistics on domestic violence, rape and infertile men. And we thought of using Visual aids to make it a little more interesting so having that information on a screen behind Whilst we were talking about visual aid we thought of the voodoo scene having a fire and to imitate the fire we could have an image of fire on the back screen during that scene. The first scene that me and Priya did which was me coming home and accusing her of waiting for another man and that's the build up of me abusing her, this idea I got from a true story of domestic violence (research). This was what we thought was too realistic and boring but we kept it because when we decided to have the three different types of scenes it balanced it out so seemed ok. We were going to start with the realistic scene but from that research I had done, the true story, I got another idea that we could do. The woman hears her husband coming home and just by hearing his footsteps gets extremely scared and by making this an unrealistic scene it can be very effective. Making the sounds of his footsteps and everything he does as loud exaggerated thuds, and as I get closer to Priya the thudding then starts to sound like heartbeats getting faster and faster and I put my hand on her shoulder and there's one last loud thud, I've arrived! We wanted to put this before the realistic scene of our argument but the group had a problem with this because Priya and I had actually already got an unrealistic scene and this would mean we have one more than the other couples. But I really didn't want to let this idea go I felt it would be very good to show the wife's fear of her husband. And so after some convincing I won my case, under the condition we try and merge this scene with the realistic one. Final Evaluation When we watched ourselves on tape acting our piece, there were many good points I found but also things I felt needed to be improved. Most of our gestures the women's and the men's I thought were very good and to the point (action for a purpose). Although I found I needed to change my posture at points, my body language needs to be a lot more masculine! Beatrix also needs to get more involved in her character so that she can do more gestures and facial expressions correct to the type of character she is. She is being a little cheeky and doing some gestures to portray that but we felt there needed to be more so that the audience has some understanding of what Beatrix is. Our tones of voice (men and women) were good and were believable but we need to slow down our pace and take our time when saying our lines. Our stylised techniques such as the toy box scene of when Helia's character dreams of having a baby and we are all the toy dolls that dance around her, this looked really creative. We need to make sure all of us keep those scary toy smiles on so it's even more affective. In most of our scenes we just need to make them run a little more smoothly and there were some incidences where people didn't know what scene was coming up and the other actors would hint at something for them to remember. This is important that we all help each other out if someone gets confused or forget their lines if we feel out the gap and improvise with it which I ended up doing on the tap because Priya had forgotten one of her lines so I said her line but in a different way so that I was asking it to her in a question and she could just agree to it. The most important section we need to work on is our ending which isn't complete because we need music and need to figure out the choreography etc†¦ I think it'd be useful to also make a clear definition when it has changed from stylised to realistic to documentary because we are just going from one to the next which makes it seem a bit scruffy perhaps if for example we had a news report tune before the documentary starts to give it a bit of an introduction. And in the stylised we could all say the words in cannon of the woman that is in the scene (e. g. innocence) repeatedly to give it that creepy atmosphere and making sure the audience know it isn't realistic. Overall the play came along very well, we all listened to each other and took on ideas and decided everything as a group so that we were all in agreement, we really worked together like a team, which I think pays off in our work. Everyone participated in what they thought of the scenes, lighting, music etc and all the actors had a great deal of respect for each other which made it easier to act side by side and help each other out. There may have been some weaker actors that came late and didn't give as much input into the piece and there were the stronger actors that held the play together, but everyone deserves credit for the amount of work put into the acting of our play.